Reflective about LSEC 2103 course

In this course really I like the communication between the teacher and student , and the way how share the information which make us to work as a team work. I have improve my skills in many thing specially how to summaries a paragraph or an article because before I don't know how summaries but know I have good knowledge about it. also in writing and how to added as APA style from bib me site and get database from many site. also the online situation which is a new thing to me to learn. Those skills will help me in the future specially on my work like how to summaries things in a short time . The challenge I have face was on how to bring the information into the article or from newspapers and how to take the main idea from each paragraph. also the how to search from internet and collect the information . To improve my weakness I have to practice more and get use to it . Finally the course was interesting and I learned many things from it and I hope to solve my weakness in future by practice and use different style of biography from many sites in the internet and search from right site.

essay 2-ECH 2073

Introduction:- In the report we got unknown sample and we have to do many tests to know which type of sample it is. We compare the sample with the references and from that we can identify it. So let’s take a look first on the background of fossil fuel and the types of fuel oils existed, their characteristics and applications in real life and then talk about the negative impact of fossil fuel on the environment and the living organisms and then mention the alternatives to fossil fuels and finally discuss our experimental test and findings. Fossil fuels are fuels produced by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of covered dead organisms.. Fossil fuels contain high fraction of carbon and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. “Humans have used petroleum since the earliest times” (Dr. Zayn Bilkadi, In 1992). Fossil fuels are of grand substance because they can be burned. Transformer oil it is most highly superior inorganic oil that is stable at high temperatures and has outstanding electrical padding properties. It's used in some types of high voltage, route breakers, dazzling lamp ballasts and oil-filled transformers. Its functions are to insulate, suppress corona and arcing . (transformer oil .Wikipedia.2013) Gear oil is an oil made purposely for transmissions, shift cases, and differentials in automobiles. It is of a higher viscosity to better guard the gears and usually is linked with a really strong sulfur smell. (gear oil.Wikipedia.2012) Turbine oil any oil used to lubricate the bearings and auxiliary machinery in steam and hydraulic turbines, in turbo pumps, and in air, gas, and refrigeration turbo compressors. Turbine oils are also used as lubricants and working fluids in various types of closed-cycle industrial machinery. (ibid) Testing description: The total acid number (TAN) is a measurement of acidity that is determined by the amount of potassium hydroxide in milligrams that is needed to neutralize the acids in one gram of oil.( total acid number. Wikipedia 2012.). (Figure 3) The refractive index substance is a dimensionless number that describes how light, or any other radiation, propagates through that medium. ( The refractive index- Wikipedia 2012) API (American Petroleum Institute) is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of the relative density of petroleum liquid and the density of water. ( API - Wikipedia 2012) The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress (Shah ,2013.). (Figure 2) Pour point is the lowest: temperature at which it becomes semi solid and loses its flow characteristics. In crude oil a high pour point is generally associated with a high paraffin content. (pour point. Wikipedia,2013). A flash point is a temperature at which a liquid will burn and keep burning (Figure 1) The cloud point of a fluid is the temperature at which dissolved solids are no longer completely.(ibid) Experimental-Data: We did many tests for our unknown Physical appearance, API gravity, viscosity, flash point, pour point, cloud point, refractive index and total acidity number shown. Type of test Result Physical appearance Light yellow API gravity 36.550 viscosity @40oC 4.9 cSt @100oC 2.3 cSt Flash point 104c Pour point (-11) to (-12) Cloud point 10 to 8 Refractive index 1.4411 Total acid number 0.06 mglg Standard deviation and precision of viscosity: S= √(∑▒((X-mean))/(n-1)) %Sr = S/Mean X 100% Calculating standard deviation @40oC: X Mean (X – Mean)2 Standard deviation 4.945 4.962 0.0002 0.123 4.845 4.962 0.0128 0.123 5.093 4.962 0.0302 0.123 %Sr = S/Mean x100 = (0.123)/(4.962) x100=2.48% Calculating standard deviation @100oC: X Mean (X – Mean)2 Standard deviation 2.30 2.28 0.0004 0.044 2.31 2.28 0.0009 0.044 2.23 2.28 0.0025 0.044 %Sr = S/Mean x100 = (0.044)/(2.28) x100=1.93% That’s means our result was precise. Discussion : I can say in this experimental was a successful but have some few problems in testing and some of the literature research. One of the problems on literature research was there many different results in different website, like example if we find the API of transformer oil we got its equal 40% and other 70% so we don't know which one is the true one so We had a difficult time finding the same actual results. other problem we encountered was that we had to re test the Total acid number twice because we didn’t find the result which is match what we got on literature research. ''Petroleum, coal, and natural gas are by-products of geological processes deep in the Earth''(Ellis ,2003.) . Fossil fuels environmental impact of is can be summarized by the outcome of burning of these fossil fuels which is measured to be the largest contributing factor to the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Some of the negative effects of fossil fuel on the environment includes: Air pollution, water pollution, accumulation of solid waste all of which cause human diseases and harm the environment. There are some alternatives to fossil fuel. one of the alternatives are firstly solar energy in which the sunshine heats liquid in solar panels and produce energy. Another one is the hydroelectric power. In this type of alternatives to fossil fuel the strong current in the river is able to generate electricity. Finally there is the ocean waves power that can also turn turbines and produce energy. Conclusion According to our data we find our sample is match with gas oil and transformer oil. so are little bit confuse between them but its closely to gas oil and we decide to choose a gas oil. Firstly speaking the TAN number which we found was 0.06 and this number is mostly close gas oil which is between 0.05 - 0.02. Secondly the Flash point I thing the only problem was on it because our sample result was 104 and the date was 66, yes its far but it's the close it one and The other was in the rang. We believe that after this experimental method of define the unknown substance according to scientific date we feel much better and proud of our search .

essay 1-Stonehenge

Stonehenge Stonehenge is a megalithic commemorative. literally meaning huge stone pieces, had turn out to be the most clear forms of appearance within the European countryside for the people of this time. Stonehenge had turn into the tradition centre to the Britain by 3000 BC .'henge' which is was define by the archaeologists as an groundwork consisting of a from store part with an inside channel . the circle At Stonehenge area, surround a complex configuration , the stone holes vacant made sarsen stones, processed by pathway. In this Neolithic period many henges were created. Stonehenge unique because is that it had very tall stone structures evaluate over 24 feet in height. located in open green land, it can be seen from far distance .people can easily picture the effect of this memorial on the Neolithic mind. Archaeologists can been able to create when the creation of Stonehenge started. By 3000 BC the Great Cursus which is 300 yards from Stonehenge had been created on an east-west placement. This was a channel has long deep with big wide and its be come seems shining white in the green which become pastureland. Many people not really know The purpose of construction Stonehenge but they can only guess. other than clearly, the very level of this unique megalithic organization suggests that the area itself was of significance. Stonehenge was a holy place to the gods, It is tempting to appoint the giant sarsen stones to astrological alliance. The time is taken to built Stonehenge, which is was really an achievement? now we know that just as the monument was built in different stages and it's done by separate groups. The Windmill Hill people is the first group ,named as one of who created groundwork's on Windmill Hill, next to Stonehenge. They had combined burials in large stone-enclosed grave. Grew up in eastern England, they were one of the initial semi-nomadic chasing and meeting companies with an agricultural wealth, preserving a strong respect for circles and evenness. The other group is Beaker people they thought to have came from Spain, traveling close to it. Their name comes from their ancients history in which they would lay to rest. That Stonehenge importance was evident from its lavishness and the entire amount of time devoted to its growing production, but what emphasizes this is the reality that the region chosen to position it in is steeped in early significance. The barrows around Stonehenge are not strange for their personal structure or stuffing, but they surely are for their exceptional grouped and complex allocation. Stonehenge is confirmation that the Neolithic people were able to examine the growing and setting of the sun and moon tremendously, perfectly, and translate the outcomes in order to foresee both the seasons in addition to the remarkable loss of the sun or moon throughout an cover. But Stonehenge ought to be seen as a crystal in the crowns. "Stonehenge is not a unique structure within Great Britain, more than 900 stone circles have been located in the British Isles" (Woodward, G. 2013, February 11) The pure weight of action within this area of England in the Neolithic phase is incredible - a scale of doings that can be weigh against with that of a present Olympic community. The various and diverse formations were being produced and used at the same time, in excess of hundreds of years, and many origination, for ceremonial, burials, employment and astrological prophecies. It was a district of the greatest value.

suffering with water in yemen - summary

THE hard life in Yemen is how to find water and the difficulty to deal with water fees.Just a few people can bear to pay and the others make the fountain a source of their water.Familys are fighting to get water on hard condition with their government which is not helping them that much which focus on complex political issues rather than water issue. The government of Yemen wants to solve it but they have not money enough or difficulty to cover all the country. one of the problems the government found is a random digging their own property and to produce Qat which affect the water soures. other problem is about inadequacy of rainfall so they want to solve it by using the water storage underground as a solution.

Mini Report

Houbara survival IFHC has succeeded to increase the number of released houbara. the awareness threatened by traditional poaching and has to reduce the students or further hunters on their schools. IFHC targert is to survival the number of houbaras and the reason of decline in the houbara population is the natural of it so They have to do training program to the falcons how to make the houbara their target. Survey by the IFHC was conducting done with falconers